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''Casuarina pauper'' is a tree from the Casuarinaceae family, native to a band across the drier, inland areas of southern Australia (). ''C.pauper'' is known as a poorer, stunted form of the closely related '' Casuarina cristata'' (). Common names include Black Oak and Belah (). ==Description== ''C. pauper'' is a dioecious tree, 5 to 15 metres tall and up to 0.5 metre in diameter (; ). Specimens growing in the open often develop a dense crown, and when growing in dense stands the main stem tends to be straight for more than half the total height (). The foliage is not composed of true leaves but rather of jointed branchlets that function like leaves (). The true leaves are tiny, tooth-like structures protruding from around the top of each joint (). Leaves are strongly waxy, densely and very shortly hairy, with teeth spreading to recurved (). Bark is hard, dark brown to blackish, with a tight scaly appearance (). Sapwood is wide and creamy coloured, heartwood is reddish brown and very dense (). Seedlings consist of both deciduous and persistent branches similar in morphology. Whorls of 4 leaf teeth are closely oppressed to the branch at the joint, gradually increasing in number, with internodes being 0.3-0.4 cm long (). Adult plants consist of both deciduous and permanent branches, which are noticeably different in morphology (). The deciduous branches are robust, dark olive-green to grey, consisting of mostly pendent branchlets 10–20 cm long, shed after 2-3 seasons (). Erect leaf teeth occur in whorls of 9-16, consist of internodes of approximately 0.7-1.5 cm long, spreading to recurved (). As the species is dioecious, male and female inflorescences are on separate trees. Male flowers are located on small slender terminal spikes at the end of deciduous branches (). Female flowers are grouped in alternating whorls of 9-16, eventually forming a cone, which is grey, subspherical to rounded oblong in shape measuring 1.5-3 x 1.5-2.5 cm (). Bracteoles are short and tawny, pubescent and opening widely at dehiscence (). Fruits are dull yellow-brown, elliptical, flattened, up to 5.5-7.0mm long (). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Casuarina pauper」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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